How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

The benefits of doing a plank are numerous, as planks are an excellent abdominal and core exercise. To ensure you keep your core strong and stable, add the move to your ab workout program. Keep reading to find out plank exercise benefits and different variations along with instructions. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

What Is a Plank?

A plank involves balancing on toes and forearms as you hold the rest of your body off the ground. Your spine is kept in a neutral position and your head, torso, and legs are aligned. Planking is an isometric exercise since keep your core muscles contracted in one position. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

How to Do a Plank

Select a position where you can extend your whole body length. Using a yoga mat or exercise mat will give you enough padding to be comfortable on all fours. You can choose whether to perform a plank on your palms or your forearms, as shown in the video.There are numerous wrist wraps available to support the joints. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

• Step 1: Begin in the plank position, face down with your forearms and toes on the floor. Your elbows are directly under your shoulders and your forearms are facing forward. Your head is relaxed and you should be looking at the floor. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes
• Step 2: Engage your abdominal muscles, drawing your navel toward your spine. Keep your torso straight and rigid and your body in a straight line from your ears to your toes with no sagging or bending. This is the neutral spine position. Ensure your shoulders are down, not inching closer to your ears. Your heels should be over the balls of your feet. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes
• Step 3: Hold this position for 10 seconds. Release to floor.
• Step 4: Over time work up to 30, 45, or 60 seconds.

Plank Benefits

Planking provides many physical benefits. Strengthening the core is an important aspect of any workout regimen. A strong and solid core looks and feels good. But more importantly, it helps to stabilize, balance, and power the body during just about every other activity. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

Core strength is the basis for all coordinated and powerful athletic movements. A strong core can reduce stress on the joints and allow you to achieve better posture. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

The plank exercise can also be used as the basis for a core muscle strength and stability test. The plank is more of a strength-building exercise than a cardio exercise, but you may increase your calorie burn by using a variety of muscles. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

Plank Modifications and Variations

There are several variations of the plank that further work the core muscles to build strength and stability. There are also ways to modify it if you are a beginner. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

Need a Modification?

If you find the plank difficult at first, try these two variations as you build up strength.

Tabletop Plank

Practice plank from a tabletop position by actively pressing into your hands and pulling your abs in, which will help you learn how to keep your spine neutral, as pictured. You can also tuck your toes under and practice lifting your knees slightly off of the floor. Doing a plank with your knees bent and lifted can help take some of the pressure off of your feet as you build core strength.

Incline Plank

You can also do an incline plank with your forearms or palms resting on a bench or step. Place your forearms or palms on a flat, elevated surface with your elbows directly under your shoulders. Walk your feet back until your body forms a straight line on a diagonal. Tuck your tailbone slightly, press firmly onto your forearms or palms, and pull your abs in.

Up for a Challenge?

Try these variations to change up your plank and challenge your core strength even more.

Plank With Leg Lift

In order to perform a plank with a leg lift, start in plank position with your forearms and toes on the floor. To make this exercise a bit easier, you can perform the movement on your hands rather than your forearms.

1. Slowly raise one leg 5 to 8 inches off the floor
2. Count to two and slowly lower your leg to the floor.
3. Switch legs and repeat.
4. Do two to three sets of 10 reps.

Plank With Arm Lift

Another way to add variety to the basic plank is to add an arm lift, either by pressing into the opposite forearm or palm. To perform a plank with an arm lift, follow these steps:

1. Start in plank position.
2. Carefully shift your weight to your right forearm (or palm).
3. Extend your left arm straight out in front of you.
4. Hold for three seconds while keeping your core tight.
5. Slowly bring your arm back to starting position.
6. Switch arms and repeat.
7. Do two to three sets of 10 reps.

Sets of Shorter Planks

Rather than doing a single plank for 30 seconds or more, some exercise routines say there are good benefits for doing a 10- to 15-second plank, resting for 30 seconds, and doing three to five sets. Your total time spent in the plank in an exercise session should be 60 seconds or less. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

Common Mistakes

Avoid these errors to get the most out of this exercise and to avoid strain or injury.

• Arching your back: If you arch your back, you are not engaging your abdominals sufficiently and you are putting more of the weight onto your arms. Check to be sure you are keeping your shoulders down and wide.
• Sagging your hips: Your hips will start sinking once your abs have reached their fatigue limit. That’s a sign it’s time to end your plank. If it seems your hips are sagging from the beginning, try separating your feet a bit wider and focus on engaging your abs.
• Tilting your head up: Your neck should be in line with your body, not tilted up, which could strain the neck. Keep your gaze down at the floor.

Plank Safety and Precautions

You should not do planks if you have a shoulder injury. If you feel shoulder pain, end the exercise. In pregnancy, planks are considered safe for most people though there may be a concern for placing stress on the abdominal wall.4 It may be best to modify the plank and do a side plank exercise or an incline plank. To find out if this is a suitable activity, consult your physician or physical therapist. How to Do a Plank: Proper Form, Variations, and Common Mistakes

Frequently Asked Questions

What muscles do planks work?

The plank exercise works the entire core, including the abdominal muscles that run from the pelvis along the spine and up to the shoulder girdle.

Muscles worked during planks include:

• Rectus abdominis, or top layer of core muscles at front of the pelvis
• Transverse abdominis, or the deepest layer of core muscles that run horizontal like a corset
• Obliques, which are core muscles that run along your sides of your abdomen
• Erector spinae, which run along the length of your back
• Shoulder stabilizers, which support the shoulders
• Gluteus maximus, or the largest muscle of the buttocks and hips
• Quadriceps,which run along the front of the thighs

How many calories does planking burn?

How many calories burned depends on your weight and how long you hold the plank. A 150-pound person will usually burn three to four calories per minute when performing a plank.

What do planks help with?

Planks are great for building core strength and stability, which helps improve balance and coordination during everyday activities. In addition to providing support during other physical or athletic activities, a strong core can also assist prevent injuries to your lower back.